Extension > Garden > Diagnose a problem > What's wrong with my plant? > Fruit > Apple > Branch dieback
Apples > Branch > Branch dieback
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Winter Injury
- Injured branches leaf out and then die, or don’t leaf out at all
- Injured shoots and branches die quickly after warm weather arrives
- Common after very cold winters with little snow cover
- Dark streaking can be seen in the sapwood of injured branches
- More information on Winter Injury
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Black Rot
Botryosphaeria obtusa
- Leaves on girdled branches wilt, die and turn brown
- Branch cankers can be sunken, reddish brown or rough looking or cracked bark; cankers may remain small or enlarge to become several feet long
- Round leaf spots with a purple border and tan center
- Large brown spots with brown rings form on fruit
- Fruit is rotted but remains firm
- Fruit may become mummified and remain on tree
- Common on stressed trees and trees infected with fire blight
- More information on Black Rot
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Fire Blight
Erwinia amylovora
- Infected leaves wilt, turn gray then dark brown
- Young shoots bend over forming a "shepherd's crook"
- Infected blossoms first turn gray, then black
- Infected leaves and blossoms remain attached to the tree, often even in winter
- Branch cankers have dark, sunken and cracked bark, sapwood is streaked reddish brown
- Infected fruit are shriveled and discolored
- Drops of sticky honey colored liquid can be seen on infected plant parts in warm wet weather
- More information on Fire Blight
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White Rot
Botryosphaeria dothidea
- Leaves on girdled branches wilt, die and turn brown
- Small blister like spots on branches exude, watery fluid
- Branch infections grow to cracked, flakey, orange canker
- Sunken brown spots on fruit, can grow to rot part or all of fruit
- Fruit rot is soft, watery and extends to the core of the apple
- More information on White rot
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Drought Stress
- Severe drought stress may cause dieback of individual branches
- Uniform wilting or browning of leaves throughout the tree
- Leaf margins and branch extremities usually brown and wilt first
- More information on Drought Stress
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Roundheaded Appletree Borer
Saperda candida
- Foliage becomes sparse, pale colored, and eventually turns yellow
- Reddish brown frass (sawdust and droppings) can be present on bark near base of tree
- Branch dieback occurs as infestation becomes more severe
- ¼ inch round holes present in trunk; Large tunnels found in sapwood
- Adults are ¾ inch long, white and brown striped body with long antennae; active June to August
- Larvae are up to 1+ inches long, cream colored, round and plump and legless; because life cycle takes two years or more, larvae are present in wood at any time of year
- More information on Roundheaded Appletree Borer
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Oystershell Scale
Lepidosaphes ulmi
- Branch dieback can occur in severe infestations
- Fruit develop waxy, grayish brown, resembling miniature oyster shells
- More information on Oystershell Scale
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Black Root Rot
Xylaria mali and Xylaria polymorpha
- Infected trees have slow growth, a thin canopy, dead branches, and small leaves
- Black finger-like projections arise from the soil at the base of the tree
- Infected roots are brittle and encrusted in black fungal growth
- Infected trees produce many very small fruit
